Hyperthyroidism & Hypothyroidism*

Like any well-oiled machine, the human body contains glands that keep it regulated and functioning properly. The thyroid is one of those regulators, and like traffic lights that tell cars when to stop and go, it produces, stores, and releases hormones that affect nearly every organ in the body. Located on the front of the neck just below the larynx (voice box), this butterfly-shaped organ keeps the balance of cholesterol, fats and protein, oxygen use and growth and development. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the body produces too much thyroid hormone, while hypothyroidism occurs with too little hormone production.

Women are the most commonly affected by both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism generally afflicts women between the ages of 30 and 50, while women over age 60 are affected by hypothyroidism (1 of every 4,000 infants is also born with hypothyroidism). The American Thyroid Association recommends routine thyroid testing after the age of 35, especially in women. In both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks itself.

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease. The resulting hormone overproduction creates a variety of symptoms, including a thyroid that has the appearance of a bullfrog-like bulge in the neck known as a goiter. Some people also develop bulging eyes (called exophthalmos). Some symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include nervousness or mood changes, fine soft hair and hair loss, and a feeling of fatigue.

Hypothyroidism is most commonly caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in which the immune system produces antibodies that destroy thyroid tissue. Some symptoms of hypothyroidism may include coarse or thinning hair, dry skin, or weakness.

*Medical information provided is based on reference from the WebMD Health website (www.webmd.com). It is not meant to replace the diagnosis of a qualified physician, and further research of any information provided is encouraged.

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